<p>The ten-story Fine Arts Building, formerly known as the Studebaker Building, is located at 410 S Michigan Avenue across from Grant Park in Chicago in the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. It was built for the Studebaker company in 1884–1885 by Solon Spencer Beman, and extensively remodeled in 1898, when Beman removed the building&#39;s eighth  story and added three new stories. Studebaker constructed the building as a carriage sales and service operation with manufacturing on upper floors. The two granite columns at the main entrance, 3 ft in diameter and 12 ft high, were said to be the largest polished monolithic shafts in the country. The interior features Art Nouveau motifs and murals by artists such as Martha Susan Baker, Frederic Clay Bartlett, Oliver Dennett Grover, Frank Xavier Leyendecker, and Bertha Sophia Menzler-Peyton dating from the 1898 renovation. In the early 20th century, the Kalo Shop and Wilro Shop, firms owned by women and specializing in Arts and Crafts items, were established in the renamed Fine Arts Building.</p><br>
<p>True to its name, it houses artists&#39; lofts, art galleries, theatre, dance and recording studios, interior and web design firms, musical instrument makers, and other businesses associated with the arts. It also holds offices of the Chicago Youth Symphony Orchestras, the Jazz Institute of Chicago, and the Chicago International Puppet Theater Festival. The Fine Arts Building was designated a Chicago Landmark on June 7, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Studebaker Theater</h2><br>
<p>The Fine Arts Building houses the Studebaker Theater, also known as Studebaker Hall, dedicated in 1898. In 1917, the theater underwent its first major renovation under the direction of architect Andrew Rebori. The theater still looks much the same as it did after that renovation, retaining the original ceiling from 1898.</p><br>
<p>The Studebaker was the site of David Bisphams 1901 recital exclusively featuring the songs of Carrie Jacobs-Bond. Paul Whiteman and his orchestra gave the first public performance of the Grand Canyon Suite here on November 22, 1931. The venue also hosted some of the earliest live television shows including DuMont Television Networks Cavalcade of Stars hosted by comedian Jack Carter and Hawkins Falls, Population 6200.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s the theater was partitioned into a multiplex movie theater. Renovations to return to live theater were begun in 2015, and the theater was reopened in 2016 with a capacity of 740.</p><br>
<p>A larger multimillion-dollar renovation began in 2021, updating many of the Studebakers technical capacities. Following the renovation, the Studebaker Theater became home to NPRs Wait Wait... Don&#39;t Tell Me!</p><br>
<h2>Chicago Little Theatre</h2><br>
<p>From 1912 to 1917, the Fine Arts Building housed the Chicago Little Theatre, an art theater credited with beginning the Little Theatre Movement in the United States. Not being able to afford rental on the building&#39;s 500-seat auditorium, co-producers Maurice Browne and Ellen Van Volkenburg rented a large storage space on the fourth floor at the back and built it out into a 91-seat house. The group specialized in training actors and producing contemporary plays in their small 99-seat theater on the 4th floor, including performances of Shaw, Strindberg, Ibsen, Wilde, and Yeats. Though short-lived, the Chicago Little Theatre was a monumental influence on American theatre, spreading the Little Theatre practice across the nation and laying the groundwork for the Chicago storefront theater movement. The Chicago Little Theatre space is now occupied by the Chicago International Puppet Theater Festival, whose founder chose the space because Van Volkenburg used puppets and coined the word "puppeteer."</p><br>
<h2>Prominent Historic Tenants</h2><br>
<p>Lorado Taft, sculptor</p><br>
<p>William W. Denslow, Wizard of Oz illustrator</p><br>
<p>Frank Lloyd Wright, architect</p><br>
<p>John T. McCutcheon, political cartoonist</p><br>
<p>George Barr McCutcheon, author</p><br>
<p>Ralph Fletcher Seymour, publisher and etcher</p><br>
<p>Anna Morgan, acting teacher</p><br>
<p>J.C. Leyendecker and F.X. Leyendecker, illustrators</p><br>
<p>Oliver Dennett Grover, artist</p><br>
<p>Frederic Clay Bartlett, artist</p><br>
<p>Irving K. Pond, architect</p><br>
<p>Caxton Club, literary club</p><br>
<p>The Little Review, literary journal edited by Margaret Anderson</p><br>
<p>Chicago Woman&#39;s Club</p><br>
<p>Fortnightly of Chicago</p><br>
<p>Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, led by President Grace Wilbur Trout</p><br>
<p>Chicago Youth Symphony Orchestras</p><br>
<p>George Ade, humorist</p><br>
<p>Henry Blake Fuller, novelist</p><br>
<p>Kalo Shop, silversmithing shop</p><br>
<p>Chicago Little Theatre, founded by Maurice Browne and Ellen Van Volkenburg</p><br>
<p>The Dial, literary journal edited by Francis Fisher Browne</p><br>
<p>Chicago Musical College</p><br>
<p>Alliance Francaise</p><br>
<p>George Hamlin, tenor</p><br>
<p>Arnold Jacobs, tubist</p><br>
<p>George Perlman, violinist and composer</p><br>
<p>Harrington Institute of Interior Design</p><br>
<p>Studebaker Theatre Company (1956–1957), founded by Bernard Sahlins</p><br>
<p>Jazz Institute of Chicago</p><br>
<p>Chicago Opera Theater</p><br>
<p>Gillian Flynn, novelist</p><br>
<p>The Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau is a public library building, located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is the largest public library in the state of Indiana, housing over 60,000 manuscripts. Established in 1934, the library has gathered a large collection of books on a vast variety of topics.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau has been open to the public since 1934.</p><br>
<p>The first attempts to have a state library started when Indiana was still a territory with its capital in Corydon, making it the oldest agency of the Indiana government. However, the first actual Indiana state library would not be opened until the capital had moved to Indianapolis, starting on February 11, 1825, with the secretary of state acting as librarian. In 1867, the library&#39;s law books were transferred to the Supreme Court to begin the Supreme Court Law Library, which has grown to 70,000 volumes. The library became its own institution in 1841. The State Board of Education gained control of the library in 1895, with the Department of Education gaining control in 1933. Between 1895 and 1933, the library amassed more material than it had in all its previous existence. Originally, the Library was only for the use of state employees and government officials. After assigning a two-cent tax to attain funds in 1929, and having architects send proposals for a new building in 1931, it was built to designs by Pierre & Wright Architects.</p><br>
<p>In 1945 the library was directed by Howard Henry Peckham, an early American historian who was the first to publish the Revolutionary War journals of Henry Dearborn, a revolutionary war officer and Secretary of War under President Thomas Jefferson.</p><br>
<p>The building is made of Indiana limestone, sandstone, and walnut. Interior features include brass accents, fanciful murals, walnut-paneled walls, stained glass windows, and woodcarvings. The external architectural sculpture was created by Leon Hermant and carved by Adolph Wolter.</p><br>
<p>The library has seven main divisions: Talking Book and Braille Library, Genealogy, Indiana Collection, Rare Books and Manuscripts, Reference and Government Services, Professional Development, and Library Development.</p><br>
<p>A 1993 inventory of the library&#39;s holdings included 60,000 books and pamphlets, 3,500 collected manuscripts, 1.5 million images, and 1,000 maps. Some of this included not only the history of Indiana, but that of the Old Northwest as well.</p><br>
<p>It has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Indiana Historical Bureau has a home at the library. Founded in 1915 as the Indiana Historical Commission, its initial purpose was to prepare for the centennial of Indiana&#39;s statehood. The bureau largely concentrates on the placement of new historical markers across Indiana and encourages education in Indiana history. The bureau runs a gift shop at the library.</p><br>
<p>The library&#39;s Martha E. Wright Conservation Lab has specialized equipment devoted to conservation and restoration of historic documents.</p><br>
<p>The Dayton View Historic District is a 680 acre sector of Dayton, Ohio, United States, developed in the late 19th century and consisting of 219 structures, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>In 1984, Dayton View was registered on the National Register of Historic Places, Broadway, Harvard Blvd., Superior and Salem Aves. (No. 84003787). City of Dayton Ordinance #25552.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The areas style and layout should be credited to the vision of James Oliver Arnold, whose farm house still stands at the northwest corner of Superior and Arnold. The original portion of the farmhouse dates to 1832. James Arnold envisioned a grand neighborhood of broad, tree-lined streets graced with large, impressive homes set back comfortably from the street. Reforestation efforts following the loss of Arnolds distinctive elm trees are reviving Arnolds dream. Dayton View was historically one of Daytons most prominent neighborhoods.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Dayton View includes houses of many architectural styles, such as Victorian, Jacobethan, Chateauesque, American Foursquare, and Prairie School architecture. The timeline of the architecture style is dated from the late 1880s through the 1930s. Dayton View, however, is listed on the National Register for Late Victorian and Colonial Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>Dayton View is home to large, architecturally significant homes with elaborate staircases, third-story ballrooms, and carriage houses. The neighborhood is anchored by many of Daytons most historically significant cultural institutions, as well as Daytons most historically prominent churches, temples and synagogues (most of which line Salem Avenue). Today, Dayton View, once known for its richness of socioeconomic and cultural diversity, is largely an African-American community, and many of the synagogues and temples have been closed or taken over by other faiths.</p><br>
<p>The Dunbar Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district on S Paul Laurence Dunbar Street in Dayton, Ohio. The district is famous for being the home of Paul Laurence Dunbar.</p><br>
<p>On June 30, 1980, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>A larger area known as Wright-Dunbar (or Mound-Horace) is bounded roughly by US 35, Broadway Street, West Third Street and the Great Miami River. This district has also been known for housing many ethnic groups such as Hungarians, Romanians, and African Americans. After World War I the Wright-Dunbar area was known as the cultural and commercial center of Dayton&#39;s African American community. Many black-owned stores, shops, and theatres gained popularity in Dayton, such as the "Palace Theatre". Decades later, in the 1950s and 1960s, much of the area was damaged during riots, urban renewal, and the construction of Interstate 75. Later, through an effort by the city of Dayton and the county, many of the houses in the district were brought back to life again.</p><br>
<p>The Huffman Historic District is a historic section of the Historic Inner East neighborhood in Dayton, Ohio, United States. Formed at the end of the nineteenth century primarily by a wealthy businessman, it has long been home to people of many different occupations and numerous places on the social ladder. After seeing very few changes throughout the twentieth century, it was named a historic site in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>William P. Huffman was both a banker and a real estate developer; although some of the land in the neighborhood had already been developed before Huffman became involved, he spurred development by arranging for the construction of a street railway on Third Street. The areas early residents occupied numerous places on the socioeconomic spectrum, ranging from laborers to merchants and artisans to executives. Their presence together in the neighborhood can still be seen in the built environment, most of which was built between 1870 and 1890. Several major architectural styles of the late nineteenth century appear in the district, including the Gothic Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne. Although the districts peak period of growth ended by 1890, construction continued over the next decade, but virtually nothing was built after 1900. Minimal changes since that time have left the neighborhood resembling its appearance of over a century ago, preserving it as an example of late 19th-century developmental patterns.</p><br>
<p>In mid-1982, the Huffman Historic District was officially declared and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of the buildings well preserved architecture and because of the entire districts connection to William P. Huffman. One of nineteen National Register-listed historic districts in the city, Its boundaries encompass 85 acre, more than ⅛ of a square mile. At the time the district was designated, it comprised 668 buildings, of which 663 were deemed contributing properties and 5 non-contributing; the ratio of contributing to non-contributing is far higher than in most historic districts in the United States, reflective of the lack of construction within the district since 1900.</p><br>
<p>Comstock-Cheney Hall, also known as Ivoryton Playhouse, is a theater building located in the village of Ivoryton in the town of Essex, Connecticut, US. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The theatre is believed to be the first continuously operating summer theatre in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Construction began in 1910 and was completed 1911 as a recreation hall for the Comstock-Cheney factory. The building includes Classical Revival architecture. When listed the property included three contributing buildings on an area of 0.6 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Theatre</h2><br>
<p>The theatre is believed to be the first self-supporting summer theatre in the United States. Although there were older theatres in Dennis, MA and Skowhegan, ME, they were endowed by foundations of wealthy families and not self-supporting. The Westport Country Playhouse was established one year after the Ivoryton Playhouse.</p><br>
<p>The Playhouse is on the National Register of Historic Places, as is indicated on the front of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Chesterfield House is an Antebellum house at 9625 Old Rutledge Pike in the Mascot community of northeastern Knox County, Tennessee. Built in 1838 by George W. Arnold, a physician from Roanoke, Virginia, the house is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was located along a stagecoach route  that began in Washington, D.C., passed through Knoxville, and continued further south. Stagecoaches made stops at Chesterfield.</p><br>
<p>The mansion is a two-story brick structure with a one-story covered front porch. The porch has a balcony above, accessed off a second floor room. Architecturally, the house has Georgian influences. It remains a private residence, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Church Street United Methodist Church is a United Methodist church located on Henley Street in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee. The church building is considered a Knoxville landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Church Street Methodist congregation formed in 1816. Initially, it met in a house on Hill Avenue in downtown Knoxville. In 1836 the congregation moved into a new building on Church Street between Walnut and Market Streets, where it met until 1863 when the building was confiscated by Union troops for use as a hospital during the American Civil War. Around 1870, the congregation relocated to a brick building one block east of its former location on Church Street, and in 1879 it moved into its new Victorian Gothic church building erected on its former 410 Church Street location. Some say this building was designed by Knoxville architect Alexander Campbell Bruce. Planning to replace that church building began in 1921 when the congregation recognized a need for a larger facility to accommodate its growth, but little progress had been made as of February 1928, when a fire destroyed the building on Church Street. The congregation then acquired the Henley Street site to construct a new, larger church building. In the move to Henley Street, the church retained its old name of Church Street Methodist Episcopal Church, South. (In 1939, it became Church Street Methodist Church.)</p><br>
<p>The congregation decided to retain the Gothic Revival architectural style for its new building. Architect John Russell Pope of New York City was hired to design the new facility, in cooperation with local architect Charles I. Barber of the Knoxville firm of Barber & McMurry. The design was similar to several other Gothic Revival buildings that Pope&#39;s firm had designed, including buildings on the Yale University campus and churches in Larchmont and New Rochelle, New York, and Columbus, Ohio. Construction of the new building began in March 1930 and was completed the following year, with the first worship service held in January 1931.</p><br>
<p>The church is built from Crab Orchard sandstone and has a slate roof. A prominent feature of the building is a large entrance tower. The original sanctuary and church school wing are arranged around a central courtyard, which is accessed through a series of pointed arch entranceways. The sanctuary features stained glass windows designed and manufactured by Charles J. Connick of Boston. Stained glass from Connicks studio is seen in many other American churches from the 20th century, including St. Patricks Cathedral and the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City, St. John&#39;s Cathedral in Denver, Fourth Presbyterian Church in Chicago, Grace Cathedral in San Francisco, and University Chapel at Princeton University.</p><br>
<p>On Labor Day 1940, with his campaign for a third term beginning, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was driven past the church en route to Newfound Gap to dedicate the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. He reportedly inquired about the church and remarked, "That is the most beautiful church I have ever seen."</p><br>
<p>The congregation made additions behind the original building in 1964, when a new education building was built, and in 1986–1989, when the Church Life Building was built. The additions used the same exterior building materials as the 1930 building, have minimal attachment to the original building, and are considered "sympathetic" to the original design.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register listing recognizes the building for its architecture and its stained glass.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Lutheran Church is a historic Lutheran church located at 544 Broadway NW  in Knoxville, Tennessee. The church building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both individually and as a contributing property in the Emory Place Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The St. John&#39;s congregation was formed in 1888. It was the first English-language Lutheran congregation in Knoxville. The founding members were Lutherans of German heritage who preferred English over German, which was then used in other local Lutheran churches. Initially, they met for worship in the First German Evangelical Lutheran Church in downtown Knoxville. In 1889, the group leased the former the Broad Street Methodist Episcopal Church building, on the corner of Broadway and Fifth Avenue, for worship use. In 1890, the congregation incorporated, affiliated with the United Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the South, and purchased the former Broad Street Methodist property.</p><br>
<p>Development of the current church building began in 1910 after church member Martha Henson donated land one block north of the church building. After adjoining land was acquired, construction of the new church building began in August 1911. The new church was completed and dedicated in 1912. Martha Henson contributed almost $90,000 toward the $100,000 cost of the project as a memorial to her husband, James A. Henson. Gothic elements in the building include arches at windows and doorways, exterior buttresses, and tracery. The church&#39;s interior utilizes quarter sawn oak. Hammerbeam trusses vault the sanctuary, rising to almost 40 ft. The sanctuary is surrounded by 61 stained glass windows, including a series of nine pictorial windows that depict scenes from the Bible in chronological sequence. The windows were designed by Von Gerichten Art Glass of Cincinnati and assembled onsite during building construction.</p><br>
<p>The congregation is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).</p><br>
<p>The Searles Castle is a French chateau-style castle-style house in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Built in the 1880s, the romantically imagined structure has seven stories and includes a "dungeon" basement. The castle was initially designed by Stanford White of McKim, Mead and White, a famous New York architectural firm at the time. There are 40 rooms containing 54,246 ft&sup2; of floor space, as well as 36 fireplaces.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally known as Kellogg Terrace, the castle was commissioned in 1875 for Mary Sherwood Hopkins by her husband Mark Hopkins, treasurer and one of the founders of the Central Pacific Railroad. Mark Hopkins died in 1878 and Mary Hopkins married Edward Francis Searles, who had designed the interior while the castle was being built. He was 23 years younger than she was. Hopkins died in 1891, but Searles maintained the castle until his death in 1920.</p><br>
<p>After Searles died, the structure was used as a private girls&#39; school for 30 years. It was sold to artist Hunt Slonem in 2021 for $3.25 million.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In 1888, the property was 229 acre. The stone of the exterior of the castle is blue dolomite. All the pillars in the atrium were hollowed out except one. The Louis XV Versailles Room was imported from Venice. There had been an organ in the music hall, but it was removed when the castle became the John Dewey Academy, due to its Christian connotations. There are three safes on the first floor, one in the dining hall and two in the kitchen. The safe in the kitchen had silver in it when the castle switched owners. The wood floors are finger locked construction, meaning there are no nails used anywhere. The castle was one of the first places to have its own built-in walk-in cooler. The pond was built as a cross specifically so it could reflect the castle from the other side, to add to the beauty when people would have tea by the façade. There is a secret stairway connecting the second-floor bedroom where Mary Hopkins slept to the third-floor bedroom where Edward Searles slept, which they used go between each other&#39;s rooms. The carriage house which currently stands was not the original. The original burned down a few years after the castle was completed, and was replaced by the current one.</p><br>
<h2>In film</h2><br>
<p>The 1996 movie Before and After was filmed in the castle. This movie included actors Liam Neeson and Meryl Streep. The 2016 movie Like Lambs was also filmed in the castle.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander Thompson House is one of several originally built by members of the Thompson family in Thompson Ridge, a hamlet in the Town of Crawford in Orange County, New York. It is located, like the others, along NY 302 just south of the intersection with Thompson Ridge Road.</p><br>
<p>It is split between two different eras. The northeast portion of the house is believed to be part of the original structure. In 1822, however, the southeast portion was built in the Federal Style. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p><coord>41.566111,-74.337500</coord></p><br>
<p>The Seth Peterson Cottage is a two-room lakeside cottage located in Mirror Lake State Park outside Lake Delton, Wisconsin, United States. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1958.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wisconsin resident Seth Peterson convinced Wright, who was then 90 years old, to design a cottage for him in 1958. Peterson died by suicide before the cottage was finished, and the next owners completed the work. Mirror Lake State Park was established nearby in 1962, and in 1966 the land on which the cottage stood was acquired by the state and added to the park. Away from the developed areas of the park, however, the cottage was neglected and fell into disrepair. In the late 1980s Audrey Laatsch, a local resident, noticed the run-down cabin while canoeing on Mirror Lake and became interested in the structure. Upon discovering its origin, she spearheaded a grass-roots campaign among local residents and Wright-aficionados to restore the cottage. They founded a non-profit organization, the Seth Peterson Cottage Conservancy, in 1989. Their efforts funded a $300,000, three-year restoration that included elements from Wrights original designs that had never been built. The work was finished in June 1992, the 125th anniversary of Wrights birth.</p><br>
<p>The plight of the condition of the cottage was made widely known via a 1986 Wisconsin State Journal article entitled "What Would You Do If You Owned a Frank Lloyd Wright House? P.S. You Do." While the cottage had been known to locals, this article publicized the embarrassing condition of the cottage and possibly energized the movement to rehabilitate it. The article was written by author Joyce Rogell Kult, a long-time Wright aficionado, researcher, and artist.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>The cottage can accommodate up to four overnight guests, up to twelve for a meeting, and 30-40 for an event. The cottage is also opened for a public tour on the second Sunday of every month.</p><br>
<p>The Medford Carnegie Library is a two-story library building located in Medford, Oregon, United States. The building was erected in 1911  as a gift from Andrew Carnegie. The Carnegie Library building was vacated in 2004 when all services were moved to a new library building in downtown Medford.</p><br>
<p>Throughout 2009, the building was occupied by various city offices while renovations were being completed on the existing Medford city hall building. The city spent about $210,000 to have Grants Pass-based Ausland Builders Inc. refurbish about an eighth of the 16,000-square-foot structure to make way for the temporary office space in the old children&#39;s book section. The work involved seismic upgrades, insulation, new windows and ceilings.</p><br>
<p>After City Hall renovations were complete city offices relocated back and further restoration efforts continued on the Carnegie Building. To date, nearly $1 million in renovations have been made to the building. The city awarded an $800,000 construction bid to S&B James Construction, based in White City, to replace the library&#39;s windows and overhaul its heating and air cooling system. The construction money came from various Oregon Department of Energy grants and federal stimulus dollars.</p><br>
<p>The Omni Severin Hotel is a historic hotel, opened in 1913. It is a contributing property in the Indianapolis Union Station Wholesale District historic district. The hotel is located directly across Jackson Place from the Union Station head house. It is a member of Historic Hotels of America, an official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Hotel Severin was constructed by Henry Severin Jr., with help from Indianapolis Motor Speedway founders Carl G. Fisher and James A. Allison. It was built on the site of the earlier Grand Hotel, which opened in 1876 and burned down in 1905. The first event at the hotel, the Christamore Settlement Ball, was held on August 22, 1913. The Hotel Severin received its first registered guest the next day, Indiana Congressman James Eli Watson.</p><br>
<p>The Severin was bought by Warren M. Atkinson in 1966. He renovated it, at a cost of $2.5 million, and renamed it The Atkinson of Indianapolis. Mansur Development Corporation bought the Atkinson in July 1988. The hotel underwent a $40 million restoration and expansion, which added two wings to the back of the original 1913 building, forming a U-shaped structure. The hotel&#39;s entrance was moved to the rear, where a new lobby was constructed. The 424-room hotel reopened on February 3, 1990 managed by Omni Hotels, as the Omni Severin Hotel. Ten years later, Mansur sold the Severin to Omni Hotels.</p><br>
<p>The hotel retains many original 1913 elements. The Severin Ballroom Lobby is the lobby of the original hotel, and its immense Austrian crystal chandelier, marble staircase and other fittings are all original. The original mailbox still serves the hotel. The large antique dressers on each elevator landing were originally in the guest rooms. The Omni Severin is the oldest and longest operating hotel in downtown Indianapolis.</p><br>
<p>The Blue Bonnet Court, originally called the Bluebonnet Tourist Camp, is a historic motor court-style motel in north-central Austin, Texas. It is located at 4407 Guadalupe Street, Austin, Texas.</p><br>
<p>The lot where it stands originally belonged to the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Land Company. In 1925 the land was then purchased by the Halls and had several owners over four years until Elizabeth and Joe Lucas purchased the land for $1,000 in February 1929.</p><br>
<p>Joe and Elizabeth Lucas then hired the Brydson Lumber Company to construct the Bluebonnet Tourist Camp in anticipation of upcoming traffic along Guadalupe Street, which was paved in 1930. The location was highly sought-after, given its proximity to the Austin State Hospital psychiatric facility (now known as Austin State Hospital) across the street, and was also conveniently located along Guadalupe Street, which at the time was the only route connecting Austin to Dallas.</p><br>
<p>The motel is situated on the northwestern corner of the Hyde Park subdivision along what was then the main road out of town. In the 1930s it featured Austin&#39;s first neon sign, which still hangs from the front (though in a dilapidated condition).</p><br>
<p>Blue Bonnet Court features a stone wall in front with 11 basic rooms and attached covered parking. The rooms are rented today as efficiency apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Brady Heights is a historic district in Tulsa, Oklahoma that was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1980, as Brady Heights Historic District. It was Tulsa&#39;s first district to be listed in the Register. According to the NRHP documentation, it is the most complete pre-1920 neighborhood surviving in Tulsa. Its boundaries are Marshall Street to the north, the alley between Cheyenne Avenue and Main Street on the east, Fairview Street on the south, and the Osage Expressway right-of-way on the west. At listing, it included 250 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>From territorial days until the 1920s, Brady Heights was an important part of the then fashionable north side of Tulsa. Professionals and businessmen like G. Y. Vandever (owner of Vandever&#39;s department store), I. S. Mincks (initial owner of the Mincks-Adams Hotel), architect George Winkler and “Diamond Joe” Wilson, owned homes there.</p><br>
<p>The area derives its name from entrepreneur W. Tate Brady, who owned the land now covered by the addition which bears his name. Many architectural styles have influenced the design of Brady Heights. Architects and builders used elements of Queen Anne, Prairie School, Victorian, Georgian Revival and Bungalow styles. Wood and brick are the most common exterior materials. The houses of Brady Heights are on a larger scale and of a more sophisticated design than those of adjacent neighborhoods. Bay windows with leaded glass, servants’ quarters, and broad porches suggest the elegance of earlier days.</p><br>
<p>The development differs from later Tulsa neighborhoods in that it is more eclectic. The district also includes two Dutch Colonial houses and a 1920 neoclassic mansion.</p><br>
<p>It was listed under National Register Criteria C, for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>Owen Park is a residential neighborhood and historic district in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Its borders are Edison Avenue on the north, the municipal Owen Park on the east, the Keystone Expressway  on the south, and Zenith Avenue on the west. Opened on June 8, 1910, it was Tulsa&#39;s first municipal park. The district covers 163.48 acres, while Owen Park itself covers 24 acres on the east side of the District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the Owen Park neighborhood can be traced back to early territorial days. In 1825, preparing for the arrival of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory, the USA Government made a treaty with the Osage Indians. The Osage conceded lands for the use of the Cherokee and Creek Tribes. Though the Osage were to vacate their land in Oklahoma, they were still present in 1832 when USA Rangers arrived with civilian observers. Among them was Washington Irving, perhaps the best known American author of the time. On October 14, the party was traveling to their camp destination at the convergence of the Cimarron and Arkansas Rivers. Pausing briefly at a lookout point, Irving enjoyed the panorama from the hilltop in the Owen Park neighborhood. The descriptions of the view can be found in his book, Tour of the Prairies. A monument to this event stands at the corner of Easton Boulevard and Vancouver Avenue.</p><br>
<p>By 1834, the Osage Tribe had been convinced to move to a reservation in Kansas. Following this period, it has been suggested that Owen Park was the location of a Creek settlement called Big Springs Town. After the Civil War, the Osage were relocated back to the land which is now Osage County. The point where the Osage, Cherokee and Creek Nations joined is commemorated by a monument in Owen Park.</p><br>
<h3>Oldest house in Tulsa</h3><br>
<p>A Methodist missionary minister, Rev. Sylvester Morris, built a house before the Land Rush of 1889 that now stands in Tulsa&#39;s Owen Park. Originally, it stood on what became North Cheyenne Street. Morris served from 1836 until 1907. In 1976, it was set on fire, which gained the attention of Beryl D. Ford, a historian who discovered letters to Morris from 1895 within the walls. According to a sign in front of the house, it is the oldest surviving house in Tulsa.</p><br>
<h3>Nitroglycerine explosion</h3><br>
<p>Sometime before 1904, a large wooden warehouse-type building was erected on part of Owen&#39;s land now occupied by Owen Park. Western Torpedo Company, an early day oil well services company that used nitroglycerine for shooting oil wells stored its entire inventory of the chemical in this warehouse. On the afternoon of January 23, 1904, an employee named McDonald reportedly went to the warehouse, which erupted in a violent explosion moments later, creating a large crater and leaving no trace of McDonald. The crater was partially filled to create the first Owen Park Lake when it filled with rainwater. It was further reduced in size and renamed Owen Park Pond. In the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration built a topless, hollowed out grotto for the pond that deteriorated over time. In 1985, the grotto was rebuilt, but the original WPA style was preserved.</p><br>
<p>For several years, Tulsans made their way to Owen&#39;s now-vacant land to attend city-wide events. The first reported event was for Labor Day in 1906. July 4 became a regular event, since it could accommodate band concerts, picnics and fireworks to entertain the crowds.</p><br>
<h2>Chauncey Owen</h2><br>
<p>Chauncey A. Owen (1847 - 1930), a Pennsylvania entrepreneur and Civil War veteran, conducted a freighting business in Kansas before coming to Indian Territory and marrying Jane Wolfe, a Creek woman. During the 1870s, Owen established himself as a leading rancher and farmer in the Broken Arrow area. Using imported white labor, he planted peach trees, cultivated large areas of fertile land, owned herds of cattle and harvested walnut timber on the Verdigris. He built a ranch home known throughout the region as the “Big House.”</p><br>
<p>In 1882, the railroad was on the way from Vinita across the Verdigris to the Arkansas River. Owen followed the railroad grading work, hauling a large tent. He used the tent as a boarding establishment. With beef and produce from his farm, he supplied hundreds of rail workers, including James Monroe Hall and his brother, Harry C. Hall. James was in charge of the railroad contracting company and Harry was one of the contracting suppliers. Although the Hall brothers are considered to be the founders of modern Tulsa, Chauncey Owen was already in the boardinghouse business at the nearby riverbank. After pitching the company store tent near the future terminal site on that summer evening in 1882, the Halls made their way to Owens tent to sample his wifes home cooking.</p><br>
<p>Owen immediately moved his tent boardinghouse near the new terminal location, and soon after began to build the first hotel in Tulsa. The six-room wood-frame building was also Tulsa&#39;s first two-story building. Appropriately named the Tulsa Hotel, it began business in the winter of 1882. The hotel was managed by Mrs. Owen (aka "Aunt Jane") and until 1890, when it was leased and renamed the St. Elmo.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, Owen leased 80 acre of his wife&#39;s Creek land to J. P. Goumaz, who built a home at Brady Street and Santa Fe Avenue. Around 1895, the Goumaz family planted 7,000 peach trees, an apple orchard, strawberry fields, and established a large concord grape vineyard from the top of the hill east to Quanah Avenue. Some remnants of the vineyard are still evident on alley fences.</p><br>
<h2>Creation of Owen Park</h2><br>
<p>Chauncey Owen&#39;s wife, Jane, died in 1902. Her heirs received an allotment of 160 acre from the Creek Nation, which encompassed the present Owen Park and neighborhood. In the early twentieth century, the lands of Owen Park were often used for public events, even before the park received official designation. Fourth of July celebrations took place there, with firework displays entertaining crowds who sometimes numbered in the thousands.</p><br>
<p>Following the discovery of oil in the summer of 1901 at Red Fork, Tulsa began to rapidly grow and prosper. Owen wanted to divide and sell his land, but at over an acre, there was scant public interest. He offered more than 20 acre of park land to the city. In March 1909, the city held its first Park Commission meeting and, by August 18, 1909, decided to purchase the land from Chauncey and Mary Owen for $13,500. The decision met with criticism due to the land&#39;s price and distance from downtown. In those days, many considered it to be too far out in the country. Most were placated, though, when it was announced that a streetcar line would be run to the park, running west on Archer and turning north on Rosedale to Easton Boulevard. Owen Park officially opened on June 8, 1910.</p><br>
<p>Also in 1910, the city sold 5 acre of the park land to the nearby Tulsa Vitrified Brick Company, located at the southeast edge of the park. Owen attempted to prohibit the sale. He contended that the brick company would “excavate large quantities of earth which will make a dangerous hole for the accumulation of water and the production of sickness...” and would be a “detriment to the health and comfort of the citizens.” He lost an appeal to the State Supreme Court, who held that the deed did not specify that the land would be used for park purposes only. Owen&#39;s concern proved to be prophetic when a young lad drowned in the abandoned brick pit in 1954. The city soon moved to repurchase and fill the pit. The reclaimed property was again added to the park.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, the ravine in Owen Park was dammed to create a small lake which was used as a city swimming pool. In spite of annual efforts each spring to line the pond with sand hauled by wagons from Sand Springs, it was never long before rains and usage negated those attempts. The muddy bottom, however, did not detract from its popularity. The major problem occurred when bathers, jumping from the twelve-foot tower, sometimes missed the diving hole. Lifeguards would then be called upon to rescue victims stuck in the mud. During the winter, the lake served as a skating rink. Its use as a swimming pool continued through the 1920s. Today, bathing and skating are prohibited, but fishing is a popular pastime and the lake is home to a thriving population of ducks and geese.</p><br>
<p>By 1915, the neighborhood was growing rapidly. The boulevard had been paved and the Irving monument was dedicated on April 30. An advertisement in the Tulsa World on July 4 announced that, “Lots are going fast in Tulsa’s most beautiful residence suburb—Irving Place and Park Hill.” The oil boom that had made many wealthy also provided abundant jobs for a burgeoning middle class. New homes were in high demand and residential construction progressed rapidly. By the end of the 1920s, the lots were filled with homes ranging from craftsman bungalows to estate mansions. Schools had been built in the neighborhood. In 1918, Pershing Elementary was built on the hilltop and, in 1926, Theodore Roosevelt Junior High was built on 8 acre of land adjoining the park on the south.</p><br>
<h2>General description</h2><br>
<p>OPHD is primarily residential. There are a few commercial buildings, one historic church, an elementary school and a previous junior high school, now converted into a high-school. (Tulsa School of Arts and Sciences). The houses were mostly wood frame with weather board siding. Some houses had shingles, stucco, brick veneer and stone veneer. Nearly all originally had wood shingle roofs, though a few had tile roofs. The shingle roofs have been replaced with asphalt composition roofs. About 70 percent of the houses were built in Bungalow Craftsman style. About 6 percent of the houses are Colonial Revival style, which was the second most popular style. Other styles include Tudor Revival (2 percent), Mission/Spanish Colonial Revival, Italian Renaissance, Modern Movement/Minimal Traditional, National Folk, and Commercial Style. A significant number (about 7 percent) are primarily garage apartments, categorized as "No Style."</p><br>
<h2>NRHP listing</h2><br>
<p>Owen Park Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Connolly–Yerwood House, is an Eastlake-style cottage located in Austin, Texas. The structure was built in 1904 for Kate and Michael Connolly and their nine children. In addition to his occupation as a stonemason and bricklayer, Connolly owned the Silver King Saloon at 307 E. Sixth Street. Eventually the population of the neighborhood began to change, as communities served by Samuel Huston College and St. Peter&#39;s M.E. Church were moving into the area. In 1926 the Connollys sold their home to an African-American doctor, Charles R. Yerwood, and his wife Nan.</p><br>
<p>The Yerwoods divorced but Nan Yerwood continued to live in the house; she sold the south portion of the lot where their garage was located; three homes were later constructed on this lot. Daughter Connie Yerwood Odom later occupied the house. Prominent in the public health field in Texas, Dr. Connie Yerwood achieved many "first" - as a woman and as an African-American. Following Dr. Connie Yerwood, other family members owned and occupied the house through the 1990s when the structure and land was purchased by Anderson Community Development Corporation.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1920s or early 1930s the house was enlarged to nine rooms, the original rear porch enclosed and the west half extended to include the present kitchen and dining room. Additional changes occurred in the 1950s when two bathrooms and a bedroom were added. The exterior was also altered when the front porch was shortened and pink composition siding with green trim was applied. The color scheme a nod to Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority of which Dr. Connie Yerwood was a member.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, ownership of the property was transferred to the City of Austin - Office of Neighborhood Housing and Community Development. The structure was renovated and restored. Renovations began with replacement of the old pier and beam foundation which was in bad condition. The original floors have been preserved as well as other interior trim, including bathroom tiles. Using old photographs porch spindles and trim were reproduced and the house is once again wearing its fish-scale shingles. The project received a 2006 Heritage Society of Austin Merit Award.</p><br>
<p>The building, located at 1115 East 12th Street serves as the home office for Anderson Community Development Corporation.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Westville Village Historic District is a historic district representing most of the commercial center of the Westville neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut. This center developed in the 19th century as an industrial mill village distinct from the city center, and retains many architectural features of that period. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, and its boundaries were increased slightly in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>When the New Haven Colony was established in the 17th century, the Westville area was mainly agricultural, with Whalley Avenue providing the principal means of access from homes in the town center to those lands. Its village beginnings date roughly to 1797, when a bridge was built over the West River, turning Whalley Avenue into a more important transportation link. Some early settlers had harnessed the power of the local waterways for saw and gristmills, and there were gunpowder mills in the area that were targeted by British raids in the American Revolutionary War. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, larger mills devoted to textile and paper production were established. This led to further industrialization later in the 19th century, and the village gained further significance when a horse trolley line was extended to it in 1861. Westville was annexed to New Haven in 1872.</p><br>
<p>The village as it developed includes number of buildings that were originally built at residences, but have mostly been converted to commercial uses, as well as purpose-built commercial and mixed commercial-residential buildings. The theater building is now occupied by an antiques store.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>When listed, the district included 34 buildings, of which 30 were deemed contributing buildings. The contributing buildings are:</p><br>
<p>446 Blake Street, Greist Manufacturing Company</p><br>
<p>495 Blake Street, Geometric Tool Company</p><br>
<p>512 Blake Street, c. 1840 (See photo #13 in accompanying photo set)</p><br>
<p>15-17 Tour Avenue, Italianate, c.1905</p><br>
<p>23-25 Tour Avenue, Queen Anne, c.1905</p><br>
<p>413 West Rock Avenue, a Queen Anne style house</p><br>
<p>416-418 West Rock Avenue, Queen Anne</p><br>
<p>417 West Rock Avenue</p><br>
<p>420-422 West Rock Avenue</p><br>
<p>426 West Rock Avenue, Tudor Revival</p><br>
<p>831-835 Whalley Avenue, the Alfred Minor Building</p><br>
<p>837-839 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>843 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>845-847 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>859-861 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>865 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>867 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>873-875 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>879 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>881 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>882-888 Whalley Avenue, Hotel Edgewood (photo #9)</p><br>
<p>883-889 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>893-901 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>898 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>900-902 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>903-911 Whalley Avenue, a Masonic hall built for the Olive Branch Temple Corporation</p><br>
<p>904-906 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>914-918 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>920 Whalley Avenue</p><br>
<p>949 Whalley Avenue, the Westville Masonic Temple, from 1926 (see photo #6 in photos accompanying NRHP nomination)</p><br>
<p>The Wooster Square Historic District encompasses much of the Wooster Square neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut. Centered on a rectangular park named in honor of General David Wooster, the area was developed as a residential neighborhood beginning in the 1820s, and was by the 1840s a desirable area to live, with many high-quality Greek Revival homes. In the 1950s the area was the subject of a major community-led preservation effort that drew national attention. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Wooster Square is located just east of downtown New Haven, from which it is separate by State Street and a railroad corridor. The city acquired the land for the park at the center of the neighborhood in 1825; it had previously been open land. The park that was laid out was named in honor of General David Wooster, a hero of the American Revolutionary War who at one time owned a warehouse near the southern end of the area. It quickly developed as a fashionable residential area, with many fine Greek Revival houses, some of which were designed by local architect Henry Austin. As the city industrialized further in the second half of the 19th century, the areas desirability declined, at it became a residential center populated mainly by Italian immigrants. By the 1930s there were calls in the city to raze the neighborhood, and a plan was proposed to route Interstate 91 (which now forms the neighborhoods eastern and southern borders) directly through the park. The local community rallied, and developed preservation plans in the late 1950s, assisted by architecture students from Yale University. The rehabilitation of the area was achieved at a time when historic preservation grants and loans were not generally available to homeowners.</p><br>
<p>The historic district does not encompass the entire Wooster Square neighborhood. It covers 40 acre at the center, including the park and a ring of streets extending one block away. Prominent houses that have been attributed to architect Henry Austin include the Howland House at 42 Academy Street, the Willis Bristol House at 584 Chapel Street, and the Governor English House at 592 Chapel Street. The latter house was built for James E. English, a prominent politician who served as a United States Senator and as Governor of Connecticut. The most prominent non-residential building in the district is the Conte School on its eastern edge, built in 1965 during the rehabilitation period.</p><br>
<p>Edgewood Historic District is a historic district located in the west-central portion of New Haven, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. A predominantly residential area roughly bisected by Edgewood Avenue, a broad boulevard which features a large central esplanade and forms the principal east-west artery through the heart of the district. The area includes 232 contributing buildings, 4 other contributing structures, and 1 contributing object. Most of these were built between about 1888 and 1900, and represent the city&#39;s first neighborhood planned under the tenets of the City Beautiful movement. They are generally either Queen Anne or Colonial Revival in style, and are set  on larger lots.</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s most notable topographical feature is the West River, which runs through Edgewood Park in the eastern end of the district on a north-south axis. From the West River, the landscape</p><br>
<p>rapidly rises about forty feet to Yale Avenue on the west. Edgewood Park also includes memorials for the Spanish–American War and the Holocaust. The park&#39;s current layout was designed in 1910 by Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. The district includes the central portion of the Edgewood neighborhood, which is generally the area bounded by Whalley Avenue, Sherman Avenue, Chapel Street, and Edgewood Park. The district also borders the Dwight Street Historic District on the east.</p><br>
<p>Edgewood Avenue and is served by route 246 of Connecticut Transit New Haven. The main north-south road is Ella Grasso Boulevard (Route 10).</p><br>
<p>East Rock Park is a park in the city of New Haven and the town of Hamden, Connecticut, that is operated as a New Haven city park. The park surrounds and includes the mountainous ridge named East Rock and was developed with naturalistic landscaping. The entire 427 acre park is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>East Rock is a popular outdoor recreation destination among residents and visitors of the greater New Haven region. Views from the clifftops span metropolitan New Haven, Long Island Sound, and Long Island. The park is open year-round to hikers and walkers. The automobile road is open April 15 to November 1, 8 a.m. to sunset and November 1 to March 31, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and holidays, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., weather permitting. Activities permitted in the park include hiking, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, picnicking, bicycling (on roads and city-designated mountain bike trails only), boating (on the Mill River), bird watching, and dog walking. Rock climbing, swimming, and alcoholic beverages are prohibited. A number of hiking trails traverse the ridge, most notably the Giant Steps Trail which ascends to the summit at a near-vertical pitch from the south. At the foot of the mountain are located football, baseball, and soccer fields, tennis courts, basketball courts, and playgrounds. The Trowbridge Environmental Center is open Thursdays and Fridays from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm, and at least one Saturday a month for public programs; it offers displays and information about the geology and ecosystem of East Rock. The Pardee Rose Garden and Greenhouse features roses and other flowering plants from spring to fall, and is a popular place to shoot wedding pictures.</p><br>
<p>The park&#39;s layout is the work of Donald Grant Mitchell and the Olmsted Brothers. The covered bridge is named after A. Frederick Oberlin, a local hero of the First World War.</p><br>
<p>The Friends of East Rock Park organization, founded in 1982, is a community and environmental advocacy group that assists with park maintenance by hosting social events and volunteer work days.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>The National Register of Historic Places listing for East Rock Park recognizes six contributing buildings, one other contributing structure, six contributing objects and one contributing site The park&#39;s historic, contributing elements include:</p><br>
<p>English Gate, at View Street, with trap rock</p><br>
<p>Pardee Rose Garden, 1922, on State Street</p><br>
<p>Bishop Gate, c. 1890, on State Street, with trap rock</p><br>
<p>Director&#39;s Residence, c. 1900</p><br>
<p>Sheep Barn, c. 1900, a large Colonial/Shingle-style building</p><br>
<p>Queen Anne Barn, c. 1900</p><br>
<p>Greenhouses, 1920s</p><br>
<p>Soldiers and Sailors Monument, from 1887, a 122-foot monument at the summit</p><br>
<p>Whitney Gate, c. 1890 on Whitney Avenue, with brownstone</p><br>
<p>Walls, c. 1900</p><br>
<p>East Rock Road Bridge, a steel arch span bridge from the 1940s</p><br>
<p>There are also a contributing storage shed and a number of non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The West Second Street Residential Historic District is a historic district in Hastings, Minnesota, United States. The district contains thirteen architecturally significant homes built between 1857 and 1890.</p><br>
<h2>Norrish House</h2><br>
<p>The Norrish House was built between 1857 and 1858 in an octagonal shape and features a cupola and a wraparound porch. The construction is of limestone that has been stuccoed over.</p><br>
<h2>Thorne-Lowell House</h2><br>
<p>The Thorne-Lowell was built in 1861 of limestone in the Italian Villa style and featuring a cupola.</p><br>
<p>West Second Street Residential Historic District.jpg</p><br>
<h2>Pringle House</h2><br>
<p>The Pringle House was built in 1870 in the Italianate style, sided with clapboard and including features such as a multi-gabled roof, bracketed cornice, bay windows, portico, and a full front porch.</p><br>
<h2>Strauss House</h2><br>
<p>The Strauss House, built in 1875 in the Second Empire style, faced with stucco and topped with a mansard roof (Northeast Elevation).</p><br>
<p>The Henry Clay Frick Fine Arts Building is a landmark Renaissance villa and a contributing property to the Schenley Farms-Oakland Civic Historic District on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The Frick Fine Arts Building sits on the southern edge of Schenley Plaza, opposite The Carnegie Institute, and is the home of Pitt&#39;s History of Art and Architecture Department, Studio Arts Department, and the Frick Fine Arts Library. Before its front steps is Mary Schenley Memorial Fountain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Frick Fine Arts Building sits on the site of the former Schenley Park Casino, Pittsburgh&#39;s first multi-purpose arena with an indoor ice skating rink, sat on the location of the building before burning down in December 1896.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a gift of Helen Clay Frick (1888–1984), daughter of the Pittsburgh industrialist and art patron Henry Clay Frick (1849–1919). She established the Fine Arts Department at the University of Pittsburgh in 1926 and continued to fund it through the 1950s, when she first made a commitment to create a separate structure to house it. Land for the project was donated to the university by the City of Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<p>In early negotiations with the University of Pittsburgh, Miss Frick asked that successors to the New York architects Carrère and Hastings design the new facility after the Italian palazzo its firm had built in Manhattan for her father some fifty years earlier. Eventually, however, both parties agreed to Burton Kenneth Johnstone Associates as the architects. Its design is modeled after Pope Julius IIIs (1487–1555) Villa Giulia in Rome, Italy. The building is constructed of white limestone and marble with a terracotta tile roof around a central courtyard. An octagonal cupola, which caps the central rotunda, rises 45 feet above the ground. The building houses the University of Pittsburghs Department of History of Art and Architecture and Department of Studio Arts, and contains classrooms, an open cloister, an art gallery, a 200-seat auditorium, as well as a research library. Construction began in 1962 and the building was opened in May 1965.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1960s Miss Frick, unhappy that the university did not conform to her restrictions on management of both the department and the new building, severed her ties with the University of Pittsburgh. She responded by creating a new venture, The Frick Art Museum, on the property of her ancestral home, Clayton, a few miles east in Pittsburgh&#39;s Point Breeze neighborhood. That museum operates today as a part of the Frick Art & Historical Center complex.</p><br>
<h2>Building use and features</h2><br>
<p>Today, the Frick Fine Arts Building consists of classrooms, art studios, a library, and art galleries around an open cloister and contains a 45 ft high octagon capped by a pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>A noted 1965 low relief portrait of Henry Clay Frick by Malvina Hoffman in limestone sits above the entrance to the building. Hoffman was 79 years old when she accepted the commission. She could not sculpt it herself because union rules prevented sculptors from working on a relief attached to a building. However, she climbed up on the scaffolding to oversee the completion of the work. Inside the main entrance, a neon work by contemporary Chinese artist Gu Wenda is installed in the lobby.</p><br>
<p>The building also contains a 200-seat auditorium that is used for lectures, performances, and special events.</p><br>
<h2>Nicholas Lochoff Cloister</h2><br>
<p>The Nicholas Lochoff Cloister is a main feature of the Frick Fine Arts Building. Its large paintings of Italian masterpieces are scale reproductions that were commissioned in 1911 from Nicholas Lochoff by the Moscow Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts). Lochoff worked slowly and carefully. Only a few paintings were completed and sent back to Russia by the Russian Revolution of 1917. Lochoff, unable to return because of new communist regime, felt compelled to sell off the paintings. Buyers included Harvard University and the Frick Art Reference Library in New York. Miss Frick acquired the entire collection, however, after Lochoff&#39;s death, with the help of art critic Bernard Berenson. In 2003, the paintings were cleaned and restored by Christine Daulton. Also in the gallery are noted Carrara marble reproductions of 14th century Annunciation figures by sculptor Alceo Dossena.</p><br>
<h2>Frick Fine Arts Library</h2><br>
<p>Located in Frick Fine Arts Building, this two-story library houses a circulating research collection serving the Departments of the History of Art and Architecture and Studio Arts. The Collection contains over 90,000 volumes and subscribes to more than 350 journals in relevant fields and is ranked among the top 10 fine art libraries in the country. The library&#39;s reading room is constructed of fruit wood paneling and cabinetwork with gold leaf trim designed by Italian craftsmen. The library is further appointed by wrought iron balcony railings, terracotta tile flooring, maple tables with matching Windsor chairs, and ceiling-high windows furnishing views of Schenley Park. An inscription on the wall facing the entrance indicates the libraries dedication to Henry Clay Frick.</p><br>
<h2>University Arts Gallery</h2><br>
<p>The permanent collection contains a collection of prints and graphic works dating from the 16th through 20th centuries and regularly hosts changing exhibitions sponsored by the Department of the History of Art and Architecture and the Friends organization. Some of the more prominent pieces in the permanent collection include a large collection of Jacques Callot and Gertrude Quastler prints; 16th-18th century drawings from the Clapp and Denny families; a collection of 19th and 20th century photography; the Gimbel collection of American art; and various Japanese prints, Asian ceramics, portraits, and Pittsburgh-related paintings by Hetzel, Gorson, and Kane.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Frick Fine Arts Building appeared in scenes set at the University of Pittsburgh on an episode of As the World Turns that aired on November 12, 2002.</p><br>
<p>FrickFineArtsLobby.jpgFrick Fine Arts main entrance lobby</p><br>
<p>Central United Methodist Church is located at 201 East Third Avenue in Knoxville, Tennessee. On November 9, 2005, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and is listed as a contributing property within the Fourth and Gill Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The church was organized in 1924 as a merger between Broad Street Methodist and Centenary Methodist churches after a fire destroyed the Broad Street building. The present structure was completed in 1927 in the Gothic Revival style. Baumann & Baumann of Knoxville were the architects. The exterior of the church is primarily brick, but also includes stone, limestone and marble. At the time of its completion, the sanctuary was Knoxville&#39;s largest church auditorium, seating 1,600. The original organ was purchased from the Riviera Theater in 1935. The current organ is an instrument by M.P. Moller of 42 ranks installed in 1958.</p><br>
<p>The congregation is affiliated with the United Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>The Old Slave Mart is a building located at 6 Chalmers Street in Charleston, South Carolina that once housed an antebellum-period slave-auction gallery. Constructed in 1859, the building is believed to be the last extant slave auction facility in South Carolina. In 1975, the Old Slave Mart was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its role in Charleston&#39;s African American history. Today, the building houses the Old Slave Mart Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Old Slave Mart was originally part of a slave market known as Ryans Slave Mart, which covered a large enclosed lot between Chalmers and Queen Streets. Charleston City Councilman Thomas Ryan established the private auction facility in 1856 after a citywide ban on public slave auctions. Slave auctions were held at the site until approximately 1863; in 1865, the Union Army occupied Charleston and closed Ryans Mart. The Old Slave Mart Museum has operated on and off since 1938.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Old Slave Mart is a 67 ft by 19 ft brick structure with a stuccoed façade. The front (south side) faces the cobblestone-paved Chalmers Street. The building originally measured 44 ft by 20 ft, but an extension in 1922 gave it its current dimensions. The unique façade of the Old Slave Mart consists of 20 ft octagonal pillars at each end, with a central elliptical arch comprising the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The building initially contained one large room with a 20 ft ceiling. In 1878, a second floor was added, and the roof was overhauled. The arched entryway initially held an iron gate; in the late 1870s, it was filled with simple doors. Interior partitions were added in subsequent decades, dividing the first floor into three rooms. Today, an iron gate is in the archway again.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1859, an auction master named Z. B. Oakes purchased Ryans Mart and built the Old Slave Mart building as an auction gallery. The buildings auction table was 3 ft high and 10 ft long and stood just inside the arched doorway. In addition to enslaved people, the market sold real estate and stock. Slave auctions at Ryan&#39;s Mart were advertised in broadsheets throughout the 1850s, some appearing as far away as Galveston, Texas.</p><br>
<p>When USA Army forces occupied Charleston beginning in February 1865, the people Ryan&#39;s Mart still enslaved were freed.</p><br>
<p>In 1878, the Old Slave Mart was converted into a tenement dwelling, with a second floor added. A car dealership and showroom operated in the building in the 1920s, which expanded the rear of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Transition into a museum</h2><br>
<p>In 1938, Miriam B. Wilson purchased the building and established the Old Slave Mart Museum, which initially displayed African and African-American art. Wilson operated the museum on a shoestring budget until she died in 1959. Although Wilson was from Ohio, the Old Slave Mart Museum, under her ownership, embraced local beliefs that slavery had been good for African Americans. Wilson bequeathed the museum and its artifacts (mostly crafts made by enslaved African Americans) to the Charleston Museum, which declined to take them. Wilson also sold Colonial Belle Goodies and attempted to attract a broader audience to the museum.</p><br>
<p>The museum closed in 1987 due to budgeting issues. The City of Charleston and the South Carolina African American Heritage Commission restored the Old Slave Mart in the late 1990s. The museum now interprets the history of the city&#39;s slave trade. The area behind the building, which once contained the barracoon and kitchen, is now a parking lot.</p><br>
<p>In a 2018 auction, the College of Charleston purchased 47 boxes of documents from the museum&#39;s early years for $5,400 (~$ in ).</p><br>
<p>Woodbine, also known as the Anders Rasmussen House, is a historic early-20th-century estate located at New Albany, Floyd County, Indiana. It was built in 1920 for Anders Rasmussen, who owned a florist business in New Albany and once served as a florist for the King of Denmark. The -story Bungalow / American Craftsman-style house is made of stucco, brick, limestone, asphalt, and terra cotta, with a full basement. The house includes a -story caretakers apartment. The house stayed with the family until 1945, and has gone through several hands since then. The estate is currently owed and being restored by the owner/winemaker for Downtown New Albanys River City Winery located just two miles away. Plans for a vineyard on the estate are underway.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis Ainsworth House is a restored American Craftsman style home in the city of Orange, in Orange County, California. The house is one of many preserved historic homes in and around Old Towne Orange. The home currently stands next to St. Johns Lutheran Church, across the street from the citys public library, and nearby the Orange City Hall. It is currently owned by the City of Orange.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lewis Ainsworth originally came to California in search of gold during the California Gold Rush in 1849. He moved around the country for most of his life, but settled in Orange in 1900. Ainsworth was the owner of Ainsworth Lumber & Milling Company. Ainsworth had the home built in 1910 as a retirement home, and he lived there with his wife Persis and several children. It was designed by Ina Ainsworth Butler, daughter of Lewis and Persis. Lewis Ainsworth lived at the home for only four years until his death in 1914, and was sick for most of the time. The house remained in the family until 1975. It was purchased by the city in 1976 and later restored.</p><br>
<p>The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1981. In 1997, Old Town Orange, the district in which the house lies, was also added to the database.</p><br>
<p>The United States Marine Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky, in the Portland neighborhood was part of the USA Marine Hospital system, which was run by the Marine Hospital Service and its successor the Public Health Service, primarily for the benefit of the civilian merchant marine.</p><br>
<p>The campus contained two main buildings, both of which still exist. The old main building was built in 1845, and is considered by the National Park Service to be the best remaining antebellum hospital in the United States. Of the seven hospitals built in the mid-19th century by the Marine Hospital Service "for the benefit of sick seamen, boatmen, and other navigators on the western rivers and lakes", It is the only one still standing, even after surviving two tornadoes. The building&#39;s exterior has been extensively restored to match its appearance in 1899, but remains largely vacant.</p><br>
<p>The new main building was completed in 1933, and is still in use as a county-run primary care facility.</p><br>
<h2>Marine Hospital</h2><br>
<p>The site for the hospital was selected in 1837, and the land was purchased by the federal government in 1843. Funding for the hospital was authorized by Congress in 1845 along with six other locations along the "western waters" of the Mississippi River, Ohio River, and Great Lakes. (The Louisville hospital is the only one of these still standing.) Construction paused the following year because the funds had been exhausted, but resumed in 1849 and was completed in September 1851. The USA Marine Hospital opened in April 1852.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Robert Mills, who designed the Washington Monument and several other prominent structures. It is of Greek Revival architecture. The structure was strategically placed between the wharves of Louisville and Portland, with a "beneficial effect of a view of the water, and the impressions and associations it would naturally awake in the minds of men whose occupation were so intimately connected with it." It was a "cutting edge" facility, with indoor plumbing and an air circulation system that helped prevent infections.</p><br>
<p>The patients at the Louisville Marine Hospital were usually victims of disease, temperature extremes, and mechanical deficiencies of the era&#39;s naval technology. During the American Civil War, along with Jefferson General Hospital, it formed the foundation of Louisville health care for wounded soldiers, both Union and captured Confederates. It is believed that a third of the total patients were black. However, the hospital closed in 1863. It reopened in 1869 and was operated by the Sisters of Mercy as a Class II hospital.</p><br>
<p>In 1875, the USA government took back control under the newly organized Marine Hospital Service. A brick stable and tool shed were built on the property in 1893 or 1894, a cast-iron fence was added to the property&#39;s perimeter around 1900, and a laundry and staff quarters building was built in 1911. During this time, the remainder of the property hosted vegetable gardens, greenhouses, a tennis court.</p><br>
<p>During World War I the hospital cared for many amputees injured in the war.</p><br>
<p>A new building was completed in 1933. The same year, a smokestack was added to the old building as part of a heating plant that served both buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Marine Hospital closed in 1947. The City of Louisville purchased the facility in 1950 for $25,000.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<h3>New building</h3><br>
<p>The new building reopened in 1953 as the Louisville Memorial Hospital for the chronically ill.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the hospital was transferred to the Louisville-Jefferson County Board of Health. The next year it reopened as a primary care facility; it was first named Louisville Memorial Primary Care Center, then Family Health Centers, and currently Family Health Centers – Portland site.</p><br>
<p>The new building is listed as a non-contributing property to the historic landmark designation, mainly because was not yet 50 years old at the time the other structures were placed on the National Register of Historic Places, although it is considered eligible for listing.</p><br>
<h3>Old building</h3><br>
<p>The old building remained in use as office space until 1979, and was later used to store records, although it hosted a temporary museum exhibit in 1991. The old hospital building, stable, laundry building, and cast-iron fence were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and were promoted to National Historic Landmark status in 1997.</p><br>
<h4>Exterior restoration</h4><br>
<p>Construction began on November 11, 2005. The hospital was returned to its appearance from around 1900. The smokestack, constructed in 1933, was demolished to help return the structure to its 1899 appearance. The octagonal cupola, which patients used to better view the passing river traffic during its heyday, was also rebuilt. Small buildings that once housed a boiler and a parking structure were razed to reflect the original design. The 28 sets of wrought iron railings lining the building&#39;s galleries were either restored or replaced by the same Covington, Kentucky-based iron works company that created the original ones in 1850.</p><br>
<p>The restoration cost $2.5 million. The hospital celebrated the completion of its exterior restoration phase with an open house on June 16, 2007.</p><br>
<h4>Subsequent events</h4><br>
<p>Several plans have been devised to use the structure. During Paul E. Patton&#39;s term as Kentucky governor during 1995–2003, the hospital was considered as a welcome center for those entering Kentucky from the Sherman Minton Bridge. High traffic projections stopped that plan from being implemented.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the basement, which formerly held boilers, was proposed to be used as a 3,450 ft&sup2; multi-use ballroom and rented out for parties and other special events, and the building&#39;s ground floor as an interactive center featuring hospital history and artifacts. The remaining two floors were proposed for agencies and organizations specializing in improving community health within underserved urban communities. Also in 2007, discussions were held with the University of Louisville about placing a Community Health Center in the historic building.</p><br>
<p>However, efforts to raise money to renovate the interior of the building remained unsuccessful as late as 2018, although the first floor was in use as a meeting space.</p><br>
<p>University High School was a public high school serving the northwestern portion of Oakland, California. It originally opened in 1923 at what was 5714 Grove Street. Due to the proximity of the campus to the City of Berkeley, "UNI" gained the reputation of the "feeder" high school of Oakland of students directly to the University of California. The high school was closed following World War II in 1948.</p><br>
<p>In 1954, the campus was converted into first location of Oakland City College, which later became Merritt College. Merritt College moved to its new campus in 1967. In the early 1970s the location temporarily became a high school again, as Oakland Technical High School moved its students into the campus while its normal location was retrofitted for earthquake safety. At the time, many called this site "Old Tech," although Oakland Tech was actually opened at its current location in 1914, before University High School.</p><br>
<p>After the "Tech" students moved back to their original campus, the building remained vacant for several years. At one point, it was used as the filming location for the 1987 film The Principal.</p><br>
<p>The location has been rehabilitated and is now shared between the Children&#39;s Hospital Oakland Research Institute and the North Oakland Senior Center. Grove Street was subsequently renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Way. This site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Among its notable alumni is 1936 Olympic 400 meters Gold Medalist Archie Williams and his classmate, tennis great Don Budge.</p><br>
<p>Longwood, also known as Nutt&#39;s Folly, is a historic antebellum octagonal mansion located at 140 Lower Woodville Road in Natchez, Mississippi, United States. Built in part by enslaved people, Longwood is the largest octagonal house in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The mansion is known for its octagonal plan, byzantine onion-shaped dome, and the contrast between its ornately finished first floor and the unfinished upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Sloan, a Philadelphia architect, designed the home in 1859 for cotton planter Haller Nutt. Work was halted in 1861 at the start of the American Civil War. Nutt died of pneumonia in 1864, leaving the work incomplete. Of the 32 rooms planned for the house, only nine rooms on the basement floor were completed.</p><br>
<p>Haller Nutts never-finished Natchez home, Longwood, was the last burst of Southern opulence before war and the federal ban on enslaving people brought the cotton barons dominance to an end. Longwood survived decades of neglect and near-abandonment to become one of Natchez&#39; most popular attractions.</p><br>
<p>Longwood is owned and operated as a historic house museum by the Pilgrimage Garden Club; it is also available for rent.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Longwood was featured in the Southern United States segment of Guide to Historic Homes of America, an in-depth production by Bob Vila for the A&E Network.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, Longwood was used in the HBO series True Blood, for the external shots of the fictional Jackson, Mississippi, mansion of Russell Edgington, the Vampire King of Mississippi and Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>Stone Chapel is a historic chapel located on the southwest edge of the Drury University campus, at the corner of Central and Benton Avenue at Springfield, Greene County, Missouri. It was built in 1880 and is the oldest stone structure in Springfield. The chapel is the location for a number of religious activities for Drury University, such as the LOGOS Christian Fellowship, Catholic Campus Ministries, and Chow and Chapel events, weddings, graduation Baccalaureate and other various secular activities.</p><br>
<p>The distinctive second floor sanctuary seats around 510 people. A large lounge, kitchenette, choir and meeting facilities occupy the first floor. The recently restored Lyon-Healy pipe organ dates from 1906. The three-manual, 30-rank instrument is utilized by a large class of organ students, for weekend weddings, for the popular Christmas Vespers, and for recitals and other special events in the chapel. The organ is well known for its rich sound, enhanced by the chapel&#39;s mellow acoustics.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Black Rock Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in the Black Rock section of Bridgeport, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. At that time it included 109 contributing buildings. The historic district surrounds at the upper reaches of Black Rock Harbor.</p><br>
<p>Black Rock was settled in 1644, and developed as a major shipping and trading center in the 1760s after a bridge over Ash Creek created a direct road connection to Fairfield Center. It was the third largest port in Connecticut at the time of the American Revolutionary War, and became the official Port of Entry for Fairfield County in 1790. The village was originally part of Fairfield before being annexed to Bridgeport in 1870. By that time the port had declined in importance. In subsequent years the once-rural village was gradually incorporated into the citys urban fabric. That portion of the district to the south of Bartram Avenue (88 buildings) is also a City of Bridgeport Local Historic District, where changes to a buildings exterior that are visible from a public right-of-way must receive a Certificate of Appropriateness from the Historic District Commission.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the Thomas Wheeler Sr. House (1644–80), considered the fourth-oldest house in Connecticut, at 266 Brewster Street. Other important structures include the Gershom Sturges/Benjamin Penfield House (1803-1836) at 105 Beacon Street, an example of the Greek Revival style; the Wolcott Chauncey House at 150 Seabright Avenue (1769), an example of a Colonial "Cape" house and birthplace of Commodore Isaac Chauncey; the Captain William Hall House at 87 Ellsworth Street (1856), a Gothic-Italianate villa in the "Hudson River Bracketed" mode and home to a major shipyard owner; and the Gould Brothers House at 119-21 Seabright Avenue (1868), a double-house built in the French Second Empire style for two building contractors.</p><br>
<p>Greenwood Farm is a historic property and nature reserve located in Ipswich, Massachusetts, and owned by The Trustees of Reservations. The farm is 216 acres of gardens, pastures, meadows, woodlands and salt marsh and it features the Paine  House, a First Period farmhouse constructed in 1694.</p><br>
<h2>Farm History</h2><br>
<p>Greenwood Farm is located on a neck of land in the north part of Ipswich, Massachusetts. The neck, called Great Neck and later Jeffreys Neck, is about 350 acres and is surrounded on three sides by the Eagle Hill River, the Ipswich River, and Plum Island Sound. Prior to its settlement by European colonists, the land was a homeland to the Pawtucket people who called the local village Agawam, which is translated from Algonquin as "beyond" (aga) "the marsh" (wam).</p><br>
<p>About 1623, Great Neck was purchased from the Pawtucket—presumably from their sagamore named Quonopkonat (better known by his honorific Masquenomoit or Masconomet)—by William Jeffrey (1591 – 1675) to establish a fishermen&#39;s trading post. Jeffrey gave the neck its current name.</p><br>
<p>In 1633, Robert Coles (c. 1600 – 1655) was in the first company, led by John Winthrop the Younger, that went to Agawam (now Ipswich, Massachusetts). Coles was granted 200 acres—thought to be the Greenwood Farm land—on Jeffreys Neck north of town. Coles removed to Salem in 1635 and would become an original proprietor of Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>By 1639, Robert Paine Sr. (1601 - 1684) was in Ipswich and in 1640 he received a grant to the farmland. Robert Sr. was the founder of the town&#39;s grammar school, a preacher, and Ruling Elder of the First Church.</p><br>
<p>The farm was conveyed to his son, Robert Paine Jr. (1627 - aft. 1703), who built the Paine House in 1694 which still stands. Robert Jr. graduated from Harvard in 1656 and served as foreman of the Salem witch trial jury in 1692.</p><br>
<p>Robert Paine Jr.&#39;s son, Robert Paine 3rd (1670 - 1693), died as a young man, so in 1703 he deeded the Paine House and much of the Paine farmland to Daniel Smith (1705 - 1744), who lived on a neighboring farm and a year earlier had married his daughter, Elizabeth Paine (1677 - 1717). After the death of Elizabeth, Daniel Smith married Deborah Willcomb (1688 - aft. 1735) and the farm remained in the possession of Smith/Willcomb descendants for five generations.</p><br>
<p>The farm was acquired by Thomas Smith Greenwood (1807 - 1883), the first keeper of the Ipswich Lighthouse and son of Ruth Smith (1786-1807), the great granddaughter of Daniel Smith. The farm was passed to his daughter, Pauline Greenwood (1845-1932), who was the last of the Smith descendants to own the farm.</p><br>
<p>The farm and Paine House were acquired in 1911 by Guy Murchie (1872 - 1958), a Harvard law graduate and former Roosevelt Rough Rider.</p><br>
<h2>Paine House</h2><br>
<p>The saltbox house built by Robert Paine Jr. stands on its original site and is now a museum owned by The Trustees of Reservations. Once thought to have been built in 1702, a dendrochronological study commissioned in 2002 by the Trustees revealed that it was built in 1694. The Paine House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Here is a description of the Paine House on the website Historic Ipswich, which is maintained by the town historian, Gordon Harris:</p><br>
<p>This saltbox was built in 1694, a well-preserved example of First Period architecture. This house uses the principal rafter and purlin system in which multiple purlins span the principal rafters beginning directly above the bay posts, and support vertically laid roofing boards. The method probably evolved from the roof framing of the west of England. Sheathed walls and doors in the Paine house are decorated with shadow moldings created by planes that were run along the outer face of a board at its juncture with another, a relatively rare interior finish. A section of the crawl space basement appears to have served as a dairy. Its interiors are furnished with late 17th-19th-century pieces acquired during the Colonial Revival by former owners Alice and Robert Gray Dodge. The picturesque house remains on its original saltwater farm location.</p><br>
<p>Battle Hall, also known as the "Cass Gilbert Building" and "The Old Library," is a historic library on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. It is one of four buildings on campus that have been added to the National Register of Historic Places. The others are the Littlefield House, University Junior High School  and Little Campus .</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by New York architect Cass Gilbert in 1911, using a Spanish-Mediterranean Revival style. It served as the main library until the new main building was completed in 1937. It now houses the Architecture and Planning Library, the Alexander Architectural Archives and the Center for American Architecture.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s design, particularly its Spanish red tile roof, overhanging eaves and limestone walls, heavily influenced the 1933 master plan developed by Paul Cret, which in turn is a design requirement for new buildings on campus to this day.</p><br>
<p>By the 1940s, the university&#39;s archival collections had outgrown their facilities. The Board of Regents voted to use the Cass Gilbert Building as a library once again, and after 1950, the expanding collections were rededicated as the Eugene C. Barker Texas History Center and moved into the "Old Library."</p><br>
<p>The Bull-Jackson House, also known as Hill-Hold Museum, is located on NY 416 in the town of Hamptonburgh in Orange County, New York. It has been on the National Register of Historic Places since May 17, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The stone structure was built in 1769 by early settler Thomas Bull, who also gave his name to the countys largest park, just across Route 416. Orange County took possession of the house from the last of Bulls direct descendants in the late 1960s, and today it and the surrounding farmstead is operated as a museum of early life in the region. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>The museum grounds contain a summer kitchen, a one-room school house, a smoke house, farms animals and gift shop.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Bull, mason, also built Knox&#39;s Headquarters State Historic Site in Vails Gate, New York.</p><br>
<p>The Arnold Bakery Building is a historic commerce building in east-central Austin, Texas constructed around 1890.</p><br>
<p>In addition to being a bakery, the building served many other purposes throughout the 20th century for the African-American community before falling into disrepair. In 2000, the building was bought and renovated for a design studio as part of a local urban renewal project.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Dermon Building is a historic building in Memphis, Tennessee, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was constructed in 1925 by Dave Dermon at a cost of around $800,000. From the time it was constructed, until 1983, it was the home of Dave Dermon Company, and Dave Dermon Insurance. Papa sold the building in the 1930s, and although it has changed hands many times, it is still known as the Dermon Building today.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register in recognition of its local architectural significance and its association with its builder Dave Dermon, who was a prominent Memphis real estate developer in the years between World War I and the Great Depression. In downtown Memphis, the building is second only to the Kress Building in displaying the colorful use of glazed architectural terra cotta from the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dermon Building is a ten-story structure, rectangular in plan, 149 feet wide by 75 feet deep. It is built of dark brown brick with Renaissance details in yellow, green, and white terra cotta. Because it is surrounded by low commercial buildings, the colorful building is a prominent structure on the edge of the city&#39;s skyline. As of 1984, the exterior had received only minor alterations and the building was judged to retain its architectural integrity to a high degree.</p><br>
<p>The structure has a cast-in-place, steel reinforced concrete frame with fifteen bays across the front (N. Third Street) and rear elevations and five bays across the side elevations. A low central penthouse of three bays houses the mechanical core of the building. Each facade of the building is clad with dark brown brick with yellow, green, and white terra cotta trim. The front (west) and side (north and south) facades are much richer in ornamentation than the rear (east) facade. Terra cotta rope molding in yellow, green, and white provides a border around each of the storefronts. Separation between the first and second stories is defined by a dentilated belt course. Between the, second-story windows are vertical bands of yellow and green terra cotta rosettes in five patterns.</p><br>
<p>All the windows are one-over-one double-hung sash with yellow terra cotta sills. The exterior brown brick skin rises up to the tenth floor in one even plane. The grouped windows of the tenth floor and penthouse on the front and side facades have a foliated terra cotta border and a tympanum with a central quatrefoil. Above each tympanum is a bearded male mask between a pair of tall, narrow panels with terra cotta medallions of a squirrel, eagle, and cherub. Decorative gargoyle waterspouts of green terra cotta and a simple yellow terra cotta coping terminate the flat roofline. Some brick has been replaced on the fourth, fifth, and sixth floors, because of a small fire in 1982. The ground floor storefronts have signs that cover the tops of the windows and cover a small round window which was part of the original design.</p><br>
<p>The first floor lobby has gray marble floors. The hallways on the upper stories have their original terrazzo floors but several of the offices have been re-modeled at various times.</p><br>
<h2>Dave Dermon</h2><br>
<p>Dermon came to Memphis at the turn of the century as a young Jewish immigrant from Kiev, Ukraine. Not long after he arrived, he established in 1909 a general tinsmith shop on Third and Vance in downtown Memphis. He also engaged in real estate development, initially making several lucrative land deals in the Vance area and constructing a few buildings there. In 1915 his interest shifted to the section of Union Avenue between downtown and the fashionable midtown residential areas. Here he established the citys major automobile showrooms, tire companies, and related businesses. In addition to buying and selling land in the area, Dermon constructed buildings for the citys Dodge and Buick dealerships as well as for various tire companies. He so transformed the area into what was known as "Auto Row" from the late teens to the early 1960s.</p><br>
<p>Dermon was also responsible for the construction and development of many apartment buildings and subdivisions in midtown and north Memphis during the 1920s and later. These included the Overton Park Court Apartments on Poplar Avenue, the citys largest apartment building at the time, the Hanover Apartments, and the Avalon in addition to subdivisions such as Jackson Terrace, Palmer Hills, and Kings Park. By the time of Dermons death in 1963, the assets of his company were estimated at 15 million dollars. In view of his immigrant background, his quick rise to considerable wealth and prominence was particularly impressive.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The office building for the Dermon Company was constructed in 1925 and designed by the prominent Memphis architects, Charles O. Pfeil (1871–1927) and George Awsumb (1880–1959). Before his association with Awsumb in 1919, Pfeil was in partnership with George M. Shaw (1870–1919). They designed many important buildings in Memphis during the early twentieth century, including the Tennessee Trust Building (1906), Fire Engine House #1 (1910), and the Memphis Police Station (1911), all of which are on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Soon after winning the competition in 1921 for the Memphis Municipal Auditorium, Awsumb moved to Memphis from Chicago, where he had been a successful architect. In partnership with Pfeil, the final auditorium design and construction was completed, as well as the plans for Humes (1926) and Southside (1927) High Schools and Idlewild Presbyterian Church (1929). The Dermon Building is a unique exception to their usual conservative use of color. The structure&#39;s unusual color scheme of brown, yellow, green, and white has made it a noteworthy building in Memphis since it was constructed.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 2010, the building was largely or completely vacant. In 2016, a local developer announced plans to completely renovate the building and launch it as a hotel in the style of the Madison Hotel and Exchange Building, two other historic office buildings which were converted to hotels.</p><br>
<p>The Colorado National Guard Armory, known commonly by locals simply as the Armory, is a landmark in Golden, Colorado. Unusual in its construction, it was at one time the largest cobblestone building in the United States. It was built in 1913 by the Colorado National Guard as an armory, quarters, mess hall and auditorium for the Guards Company A of Engineers. When it was completed in 1914, the Company was housed in this buildings second and third floors while the first-story garden level was available for rental to the public. The Armorys original uses included: Goldens Post Office ; photo shop ; barracks, mess hall, weapons storage and drill hall ; auditorium ; and map room . Its engineering company served with distinction and under fire in France in World War I and remained in service here. In subsequent years the building served in part or whole as a hotel, offices, industrial bank, and student housing. During the influenza epidemic of 1918 the building became an emergency hospital for ill patients used by the Red Cross, and in 1933 it became the local headquarters of the Civil Works Administration, the federal depression era agency which created several area improvements. Armory Hall was open to the public and served the community for social gatherings, fundraisers, sports , and was the early home of Golden&#39;s American Legion post. Calvary Episcopal Church is the current property owner.</p><br>
<p>Today the Armory houses Cafe 13, a local coffeeshop, on the first floor. The second floor is Colorado School of Mines student housing which is administered by the church. The remaining first floor, third floor, and fourth floor tower are home to Connects Workspace, Golden&#39;s only coworking space.</p><br>
<h2>Cobblestone Castle</h2><br>
<p>The cornerstone for the building was laid 14 June 1913. Built in 1913 and 1914, partially during the height of the Colorado Coalfield War, a strategic building for “observation” was desired. The Armory was designed by James H. Gow, originally in a design that was meant to be made of brick, and then of granite. Cost-cutting measures led the Guard to switch the building to a free and plentiful local resource, cobblestone, leading to the building’s distinctive and famous appearance. Some 3,300 wagonloads weighing 6,600 tons were hauled by Lawrence W. Billis from Clear Creek to this site, and as it rose some locals and experts predicted it would collapse. Although its cornerstone, at the northeast base corner of the second level, appears out of plumb, this is an optical illusion created by the cobblestone construction.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed as a castle due to the castle emblem of Company A of Engineers to be housed here, long the historical emblem of USA Army engineers. Reputedly the building may also have been inspired by Golden resident Col. Joseph C. Taylors fondness for the Royal Military Academy buildings at Sandhurst, England. Taylors name–along with that of then-Governor Elias Ammons, Adjutant General John Chase, and G.M. Lee–appear engraved on a stone along the building&#39;s eastern face.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in Ripley&#39;s Believe It Or Not as the largest cobblestone building in the United States. Actor Gene Hackman is one of its previous owners, according to Jefferson County property records and eyewitness accounts. The historic post office walk-in safe can be visited by the public in its lower level. Its lowest walls are several feet thick, owing to the massive load above them. The Armory was the first of many area buildings of its time constructed primarily in rustic cobblestone, fieldstone and other native stone, inspiring a unique local architectural movement that continued into the 1940s including Camp George West Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Colorado Amphitheater , also known as Structure #41, is a natural stone amphitheater built in 1935 to serve Camp George West of the Colorado National Guard. It is located near the base of South Table Mountain, a mesa located just east of Golden, Colorado.</p><br>
<p>Built under the auspices of commander Neil West Kimball, grandson of the general for whom the camp was named, it was constructed as a project of the Works Progress Administration. One of its primary uses in operation was to show films to the Guard troops. However, the amphitheater fell into disuse when rattlesnakes became too plentiful for comfort. The amphitheater later came into ownership by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Barnes–Peery House, known commonly as the Barnes Mansion, is one of the oldest private homes of Jefferson County, Colorado, USA. It was built in 1865 by David Marcus Barnes, the first flour miller in Jefferson County, who had just moved his flouring mill  to Golden after establishing it on Bear Creek to the south the year before. The Barnes home was the first major brick house in Jefferson County, and is designed in Italianate style, featuring rows of stone arched windows. A rear carriage house was built in 1871. While living here Barnes founded Loveland, Colorado, in 1873. After surviving a fire that destroyed its roof in 1875, the home went on to house other owners of the flour mill, including the Peery family who operated the business for much of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Herman Coors House, in Golden, Colorado, was the home of Herman Frederick Coors . It was originally built as a modest bungalow in 1915 by Elmer Johnson, who in 1934 built the brewhouse of the Coors Brewery. In 1917 the house was purchased by Coors, third son of Adolph Coors, who hired architect Jacques Benedict to transform it into a Tudor Revival style home, with a wooden arch front door canopy and stone terracing. Coors was the manager of the Coors Porcelain Company, and in 1921 moved to Inglewood, California where he established the H.F. Coors China Company to manufacture porcelain dishware. The house was then purchased by banker Edward A. Phinney, who owned the Rubey National Bank in Golden. He built a companion cottage and barn behind the house in 1928. His fortunes took a downturn during the Bank Holiday of the Great Depression, when he lost much of his fortune. Since then the home has remained well preserved.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Lost Creek Bridge is a covered bridge near the unincorporated community of Lake Creek, in Jackson County in the USA state of Oregon. The site is about 15 mi east-northeast of Medford. At 39 ft long, the structure is the shortest historic covered bridge in Oregon. It carries Lost Creek Road over Lost Creek,</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In that same year, it was closed to vehicle traffic. A newer concrete bridge runs parallel to the wooden bridge and serves as a bypass.</p><br>
<p>Anecdotal accounts and limited evidence suggest that the bridge might have been built as early as 1878. If confirmed, this would make it the oldest standing covered bridge in the state. The Oregon Department of Transportation says that the official construction date of 1919 may actually refer to a renovation of an older bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The truss of the bridge is a queen post-style modified by cross members. Other features include open ends rather than the usual portal arches, ribbon openings at the eaves, and buttresses that are cantilevered. The bridge has a shingle roof and a floor of diagonal planking. Local residents installed a new roof in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Park</h2><br>
<p>Adjacent to the bridge is the Walch Family Wayside Park. Descendants of pioneer settlers John and Marie Newsome Walch built and maintain the park, which includes picnic tables, a bandstand, flower gardens, and other amenities.</p><br>
<p>The Laura Gale House, also known as the Mrs. Thomas H. Gale House, is a home in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park, Illinois, United States. The house was designed by master architect Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1909. It is located within the boundaries of the Frank Lloyd Wright-Prairie School of Architecture Historic District and has been listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places since March 5, 1970.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Laura R. Gale, widow of realtor Thomas Gale, commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright to design the house on Elizabeth Court in 1909. This was not the first time that the Gale family utilized Wright. The architect had designed two houses on Chicago Avenue in Oak Park, two of Wrights "bootleg" houses, for the Gales. The Gale House was designed during Wrights most productive Prairie style period and has been cited by architectural "authorities" as a milestone in the development of early modern architecture. The house was occupied by its original owner until 1962 when architect Howard Rosenwinkel purchased it and undertook a meticulous restoration. The current owners of the house are Andrea Kayne and Andrew C. Mead.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright in his own Prairie style. Through his use of abstract geometrical shapes in the detail and mass of the house Wright may have anticipated and inspired the modern European architects of the 1920s. The house is considered one of Wright&#39;s most unusual designs from his years in Oak Park, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Mrs. Thomas H. Gale House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as well as being listed a contributing property to the Frank Lloyd Wright-Prairie School of Architecture Historic District. The home is considered one of Wright&#39;s most successful small house designs and the forerunner to several other important Prairie style, Wright-designed homes which culminated with the completion of Fallingwater in Mill Run, Pennsylvania, in 1936.</p><br>
<p>The Arthur B. Heurtley House is located in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park, Illinois, United States. The house was designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and constructed in 1902. The Heurtley House is considered one of the earliest examples of a Frank Lloyd Wright house in full Prairie style. The house was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places when it was designated a National Historic Landmark on February 16, 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>While the Heurtleys owned the home it underwent three major changes: screens were fitted to the windows on the elevated porch, a breakfast room was added on the main floor, and the "wood room," as it was known on Wrights original drawing, was converted into a pantry or food storage area. It is thought that the breakfast room addition and wood room conversion were done through Frank Lloyd Wrights office but the dates remain unconfirmed.</p><br>
<p>In 1920 the house was purchased by Wright&#39;s sister, Jane Porter, and her husband, Andrew, who converted the two-story home into a duplex in the 1930s, with each floor separated into apartments. The Porters stayed in the Heurtley House for 26 years. Two subsequent owners altered the home further: the kitchens and bathrooms were modernized, the front loggia enclosed, and a black iron gate was added to the entryway. In addition, a master bathroom was added in the last fifteen feet of the main floor veranda, the living room inglenook and dining room breakfront were removed, and a second chimney and furnace were added.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold in poor condition 1997 for under $500,000. Between 1997 and 2002 the new owners, Ed & Diana Baehrend, spent $2.5 million on a complete restoration, which included the period furnishings. The work was overseen by restoration architect John Thorpe in collaboration with Doug Freerksen and his staff at Von Dreele-Freerksen Construction Company. All of the stained glass windows and the false skylights located in the upstairs living room were restored by Morava Studios, which also created reproduction glass panels for doors to the reopened loggia area.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Heurtley House is one of Wright&#39;s earliest, fully mature Prairie style houses, and the patterns that he established with the home would eventually appear in many of his greatest works in that genre. Exterior emphasis is on the horizontal, with strong detail in the wooden siding and high bands of windows. The roof is low pitched, and features broad eaves. Terraces and balconies bring outside living easily to the occupants.</p><br>
<p>The home is entered through a grade level front door into a deeply colored low ceilinged entry hall. Major spaces are raised above the surrounding grounds, and climbing the stairs to the upper level thrusts one into areas featuring soaring ceilings with trim echoing roof forms. The transition emphasizes leaving the outside world behind by ascending the stairs. Fireplaces, symbolizing hearth and home, are centralized in the middle of the structure. The house, uncommonly in the U. S., has its private spaces on the lower floor and public rooms on the second.</p><br>
<p>The Metropolitan Opera House  is located at 116 South Third Street in the downtown area of Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA. The building, constructed in 1890, faces the Red River of the North and sits between the BNSF Railway tracks and a parking structure. At one time, the Opera House was considered the best opera house between Minneapolis and Seattle. Today, the building has been converted into an apartment building called the Opera House Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Metropolitan Opera House was built in 1890 by the Grand Forks Opera Company on land donated by James J. Hill of the Great Northern Railway at a cost of $91,000. Though the term "Metropolitan" may have been an overstatement for a community that, at the time, had just 5,000 citizens, those behind construction of the building were looking to the city&#39;s future growth. The building required two mortgages to complete and struggled to stay in the black after opening. Nonetheless, it was able to provide citizens 50 years of opera and theatre.</p><br>
<p>By the 1940s, opera had fallen in popularity due to new forms of entertainment such as film. The Met was no exception and the curtain fell for the last time. Over the next 50 years, the building was home to a variety of businesses. During this period, the 1890s interior was gutted and replaced by bars and bowling alleys.</p><br>
<p>Badly damaged during the 1997 Red River flood, the building sat empty for several years and came close to meeting the wrecking ball. However, the former opera house was saved by the Historic Preservation Commission. The exterior has since been restored to its 1890s appearance, while the interior has been converted to high-end apartments with space for businesses on the first floor. In 2015, Rhombus Guys Brewing Company opened on the first floor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by prominent Minneapolis architect Warren B. Dunnell in the Richardsonian Romanesque style.</p><br>
<p>It went through an extensive renovation/restoration by JLG Architects in 2005 and 2006.</p><br>
<p>Field Club is an affluent and historic neighborhood located in the Midtown region of Omaha, Nebraska. Roughly bounded by Pacific Street, 32nd Avenue, Center St., and 36th Street, the neighborhood was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district on November 15, 2000. Field Club is the location of dozens of historically significant homes in the Omaha area, including the Gerald R. Ford Birthsite and Gardens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In its earlier years, Field Club was a late 19th-century suburb located at the southwest boundaries of Omaha. It was connected to the city center by the new trolley system which made it a convenient place to live for the well-to-do of the time. It was a highly desirable area, as it was plotted between two developed green sites. The first of these green areas, east of the neighborhood, was Hanscom Park, Omahas first city park, which was founded in 1872. Hanscom Park was named for early Omaha attorney Andrew Jackson Hanscom, influential in the battle to secure Omaha as the territorial capital. He was a major donor of land that became that park. The second site, located on the west, was the Omaha Field Club. Founded in 1900, it was Omahas first country club and golf course, and is the namesake of the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>By the turn of the 20th century, many of Omaha&#39;s most noteworthy citizens had houses designed and built in the district by many prominent architects of the time. These houses have been well preserved over the last hundred-plus years. In the late 1990s, a local historian named Edward J. Quinn began the research to get the neighborhood listed on the National Register of Historic Places with the support of the Field Club Homeowners League and the Nebraska State Historical Society. The Field Club Historic District was listed in 2000. For his work, in 2001 Mayor Fahey appointed Quinn to sit on the City of Omaha Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission, and in 2007 Quinn was honored for his efforts by the Douglas County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Omaha Quartermaster Depot Historic District lies just east of the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The Delaware Academy of Medicine, also known as the Academy/DPHA is a private, nonprofit organization founded in 1930. Its mission is to enhance the well-being of the community through education and the promotion of public health. It is now located at 4765 Ogletown-Stanton Road  in Newark, Delaware.</p><br>
<p>Under the leadership of executive director, Timothy E. Gibbs, MPH, NPM-c, the Delaware Academy of Medicine became Delaware&#39;s affiliate to the American Public Health Association in November 2013 - thus becoming the Delaware Public Health Association. Its new name is the Delaware Academy of Medicine / Delaware Public Health Association, or Academy/DPHA for short.</p><br>
<p>The Academy offers a range of services spanning the spectrum from consumer health education, to student financial aid for medical and dental students, and continuing medical education conferences. The Academy/DPHA serves the general public by holding lectures and seminars to educate the public on important health topics through the Delaware Mini Medical School (a jointly operated program of the Academy/DPHA and Christiana Care Health System) and the Medical Lecture Series at the Osher Academy for Life Long Institute. The Academy/DPHA also has a 11,000+ item archives and history collection of medicine, dentistry, and public health in Delaware. The Academy/DPHA operates and has a hand in many public health programs throughout the state of Delaware. Many other advocacy efforts are conducted in partnership with other public health institutions and nonprofits on a local, regional, and national basis.</p><br>
<p>The academy&#39;s first building, located at 1925 Lovering Avenue in Wilmington, is an historic bank building (originally built in 1815 as the second building of the Bank of Delaware), which was moved to its present location by preservationists in 1931-2 to prevent its demolition, and with the intent of providing a home for the academy. It served the academy until 2006, when it moved to the campus of Christiania Care Health System in Newark, DE.</p><br>
<p>Chatham Village is a community within the larger Mount Washington neighborhood of the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and an internationally acclaimed model of community design. It is roughly bounded by Virginia Avenue, Bigham Street, Woodruff Street, Saw Mill Run Boulevard, and Olympia Road, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2005 as a remarkably well-preserved example of Garden City Movement design.</p><br>
<p>The village is owned and operated as a cooperative by its residents.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chatham Village was built 1932–1936, and was designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright on the principles of the Garden City Movement of the early 20th century. It was created in the Georgian Colonial Revival style, and was built to show that affordable housing for the working class could be attractive and safe. It quickly became a middle- and upper-class neighborhood, however, because it was so attractive. The funding was provided by Pittsburgh&#39;s Buhl Foundation.</p><br>
<h2>Relevance</h2><br>
<p>In 2007, Chatham Village was included in the American Planning Association&#39;s list of Great Neighborhoods as part of its Great Places in America program, which recognized ten neighborhoods from across the nation for good design, function, sustainability, and community involvement.</p><br>
<p>In The Death and Life of Great American Cities, writer Jane Jacobs criticizes Chatham Village as an example of how Garden City planning created islands of class homogeneity, thus fostering economic and social distance within Pittsburgh and other cities. Jacobs cites Chatham Village residents inabilities to cooperate with other parents once their children entered the more economically and socially diverse local junior high school, which drew lower-class and lower-middle-class students from outside of Chatham Village. In Jacobs view, the success of Chatham Village as an urban community in a park-like setting depended upon the residents&#39; tendencies to trust one another due to the similarities in their professional, economic, and social status. The ideals of city planning expressed in the Garden City Movement, Jacobs argues, are only suitable for upper-middle-class lifestyles and, thus, fail to engage the endemic economic and social diversity of cities.</p><br>
<h2>The homes</h2><br>
<p>The community is regarded as one of the best-preserved examples of the Garden City concept by city planners, architects, and landscape architects. It is also a National Historic Landmark, on the National Register of Historic Places, and is on the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks.</p><br>
<h2>Chatham Hall</h2><br>
<p>The complex includes the Bigham House (former home of Thomas Bigham), originally built in 1849, and renovated for use as a community clubhouse, known as Chatham Hall. Thomas James Bigham (1810–1884) was an abolitionist lawyer, and his house was "purportedly a station on the Underground Railroad".</p><br>
<p>The Gold Coast Historic District is located in Midtown Omaha, Nebraska. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, this historic district covers approximately a 30 block area roughly bounded by 36th, 40th, Jones, and Cuming Streets. The neighborhood housed many of Omahas cultural and financial leaders between 1900 and 1920, taking over from Omahas original Gold Coast in prominence.</p><br>
<p>After the area was developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s the area had mostly middle- and upper-class residents, and it included mansions as well as single family homes, and also some apartment buildings and duplexes. The West Farnam neighborhood, later called the Blackstone, was distinct from the Cathedral neighborhood at the time; both are included in the larger Gold Coast.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>This historic district was a trendy social hotspot in the 1920s, and was called the "Gold Coast" for its concentration of high-value homes. From 1880 through the 1940s several large mansions were built for upper middle and upper class commuters. During this time Omaha&#39;s downtown was a long trolley-ride away, and the community was in the country. Two neighborhoods within the district (the Blackstone and Cathedral neighborhoods) reflect the housing styles of the times. The Joslyn Castle neighborhood is also within the area.</p><br>
<p>The area is the location of several locally and nationally historically significant landmarks, including Joslyn Castle, Saunders School and St. Cecilia Cathedral, as well as several homes which are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Modern developments</h2><br>
<p>The Omaha Women&#39;s Club moved into the Henninger House at 518 South 38th Street in the Gold Coast area in 1963. The Upstream Brewing Company named a blonde ale after the neighborhood in the early 2000s.</p><br>
